1	The Cost of the English Bible
2	Preamble Darkness is never far away From Roman Empire to the Anglo-Saxon Spoken Language: Celtic Written Language: None Culture: Barbarian: Celtic, Pict Religion: Druid (pagan)
3	Brief History of Roman Invasion of Britain Julius Caesar fights in 54BC taking hostages and tribute before leaving Roman Aulus Palautius invasion in 43 AD, Emperor Claudius reinforce 122 AD Hadrian’s Wall built 144 AD Antonine’s Wall built, abandoned in 164, overrun 181, 184 abandoned, 208 repaired After repetitive attacks from Celts, Picts; Rome withdraws to Hadrian’s wall
4	Early Christians in Britain 300-304 Roman Emperor Diocletian continuing the persecution of Christians 22^nd of June, 209? or 304? Alban of Herefordshire, a priest named Amphibalus, and the first executioner are executed for hiding the Christian priest 303 Christians Aaron and Julius are killed 314 Bishop of York, Lincoln, London, priest, and deacon are recorded going to a church synod in Tours 314-360 Churches established
5	Roman Empire ends in Britain 402 Sixth Victrix Roman legion leaves Briton to assist Rome vs. Visigoths Druid raid captures St. Patrick 403 407 Ninth legion leaves for Gaul after communication is cut with Rome
6	Brief History 408 Picts, Scots, Saxons attack Britain 409 Patrick escapes Druid master 410 Britain becomes independent of Rome 432 Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary of the Gospel 440 Christian Britain migrates west to Wales 447 British defeat Picts and Irish 449 Major Saxon invasion 458 Final Saxon victory in Kent, remaining British flee to Brittany
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8	Section 1 Christianity returns to England From Colum McDonald to the Norman Invasion Spoken Language: Latin, Saxon mix “Old English” Written Language: None Culture: Barbarian-Lite: Saxon, Latin, Celtic, Pict, Viking, Dane Religion: Pagan
9	The Irish Hymnbook War In the first recorded case of copyright protection, Irish King Dairmait rules that St. Columba had no right to copy St. Finnian’s psalter. “To every cow her calf, to every book it’s son book” Dairmait’s men slay Curnan of Connaught of Clan O’Neill while in Columba’s protection Clan O’Neill with St. Columba’s assistance fight Darimait’s army which was defeated with the loss of 3000 men at the battle of Cuil Dremne St. Columba censured for his part in the battle at Telltown church synod, ordered him to evangelize as many souls as were lost.
10	Columba goes to England
11	Columba the missionary Missionary to the Picts, Scots Adamnan, 9^th abbot of Iona writes many fanciful accounts of Columba 100 years after Columba’s death Myth of Loch Ness Monster started
12	The Picts First mentioned in 297 by Roman Historians Noted for having “Woad dye” tatoos, fighting with women and naked, not cutting hair till the killing of an enemy 839AD suffered a massive defeat at the hands of the Vikings 841 Scots betray the remaining Picts killing most them. Pictish culture, language are suffocated and disappear. Pictish church is absorbed into the Scottish Columba church
13	To Tattoo or Not Tattoo that is the question? You’ve all heard about the 1^st Council of Nicea, but what do you know about the 2^nd? Banned Tattoos in 787 at the Council of Churches, Pope Hadrian
14	Kells Gospels Written in Latin, 800 AD, by Columban monks on the Isle of Iona. Stolen 1006 for it’s jeweled cover and damaged. Now resides at Trinity College in Dublin
15	Christianity comes back to England 597 St. Augustine sent to by Pope Gregory the Great to King Ethelbert of Kent, bringing the first Bible (Latin) to England 601 St. Paulinus 634 St. Aiden established Lindisfarne monastery on Holy Island 655 Whitby monastery established 675 Wearmouth Abbey 680 Scholars at Malmesbury 685 Jarrow Monastery
16	St. Paulinus 601 Pope Gregory sends Paulinus and shortly after Mellitus, Justus, Rufinianus on a mission to convert the Northumbrian Kingdom. Paulinus – “tall man with a slight stoop, who had black hair, a thin face and a narrow, aquiline nose, his presence being venerable and awe-inspiring". 625 Paulinus goes to York and the conversion of the Northumbrians begins.
17	St. Aldhelm (639-709) Born in Wessex in 639, nephew of King Ine Student at Canterbury under St. Aiden (N. African monk) Sets up monastery in Malmesbury Poet and Ballard writer, excelled at the harp, fiddle and pipes.
18	664 – Synod of Whitby The Irish church was independent of the Catholic church with 4 “notable differences” Haircut of monks, which end of the hair to cut The date of feast of Pascha The Irish baptism was like an exorcism The length of the Liturgy St. Wilfred opposed the Irish traditions and a Synod was called in Whitby with King Oswy as judge. Wilfred vs. Colman Wilfred’s argument: St. Peter holds the keys of the Kingdom, St. Peter started the customs in Rome, St. Peter agrees with me. Oswy rules in favor of Rome After a lot of bitter feelings and dozens of monks leaving the mission field, the Irish dropped their opposition and joined fully the Catholic church
19	Caedmon’s Hymn (sung 657-680) First recorded poem in Anglo-Saxon (Old English) “There was in this abbess's monastery a certain brother, particularly remarkable for the grace of God, who was wont to make pious and religious verses, so that whatever was interpreted to him out of Scripture, he soon after put the same into poetical expressions of much sweetness and humility, in English, which was his native language.”¹
20	Caedmon’s Hymn Recorded by the Venerable Bede in 731
21	Venerable Bede (673 to 735AD) Finish the first English John’s Gospel on his death bed, no copies survive. Major contributor to the editing of the Latin Vulgate Bible Wrote history of English people Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, 731: popularizing AD and BC
22	Where did the Venerable Bede live?
23	Lindisfarne Gospels Written in Latin between 715 and 720 by monk Eadfrith, in honor of St. Cuthbert Rescued from Viking invasion 793, monastery sacked, numerous Viking raids later the monastery finally abandoned in 875 Translation written in Old English gloss between the lines by Aldred, Provost of Chester-le-street in approximately 950 to 970
24	Lindisfarne Gospels
25	The Vikings First attacked Portland, England 787, 789 Attacked Lindisfarne Monastery 793 Followed by 300 years of raids, killings, extermination of the Picts, destruction of dozens of abbey’s, monasteries, towns and villages. More English money from the 800 to 1100 is found in Scandinavia than in England “Pay through the nose” is a term from the Viking era … pay the Dane tax or get your nose slit.
26	The Heiland Written around 840 probably in Fulda, Germany in Old Saxon at the order of Emperor Louis the Pious. Old Saxon, is closely related to Old English. A version of the Gospels altered for target audience of barbarian Saxons. Jesus and his disciples are reconceived as a lord and his retainers, the aristocratic ring-giver and battle-leader and his loyal warriors; Jesus goes heroically to his death, entering Jerusalem not on an ass but striding forward on foot.